The book provides a practical guide to the application of Critical Realism (CR), an increasingly popular philosophy of social science, in empirical research projects. Each purpose-written chapter reviews major social science research methods and contains extended illustration of how to conduct inquiry using CR.

Although sinology cannot exist without translation, the goals of the two are not always the same. One is usually put in service subordinate to the other, whether a conflict is explicitly recognized or not. The perennial dispute surrounding “free” vs. “literal” translation often ensues as an inevitable consequence. Brief remarks are offered here in hope of clarifying certain issues and methods, with special attention to the translation of medieval poetry.